Musculoskeletal modeling should synthesize approaches from modeling in the movement sciences and orthopedics, in which we apply anatomy, biomechanics, and simulation. Simulation is one of the most important operation techniques in research, the goal of which is to predict, schedule, and optimize. In short, simulation is seen as delving into the mechanics of the human body almost like a surgeon. However, a crucial difference between ‘describing a problem’ and ‘solving a problem’ is the fact that for modeling purposes, one may build a complex expression, while in solving a problem one should tend to build expressions that are as simple as possible Methods for finding these different options are modeling and simulation.

Models and computer simulations have served many purposes in biomechanical research. Many of these models have been used to predict or estimate strength characteristics of human joints in body movement. Some of these predicted variables are difficult or impossible to measure directly. The prediction of the applied forces and movements at the joints of human body is a very powerful tool in gaining insight into the net pattern of muscle activity. Such information is very useful to the therapist and kinesiologist in their diagnostic assessments. Direct dynamics and inverse dynamics analysis provide such information to achieve diverse goals.

Related Publications – Journal Papers

Lemieux, P-O. , Gielo-Perczak, K. , Tétreault, P., Hagemeister, N. , Nuño, N.,(2012): Numerical estimation of antagonist co-activation during four activities of daily living in simulated massive rotator cuff tear. (Submitted to Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing Journal)

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2005). Editorial: State-of-the art musculoskeletal modeling and prognosis of its influence on the future directions of ergonomics theory. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 6(3-4), 213-216.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2005). Mechanical considerations for biomechanical glenohumeral joint modeling. Occupational Ergonomics, 5, 29-42.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2005). Musculoskeletal modeling in biomechanical education. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 6(3-4), 299-304.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2004). Maximum one-handed pull force and its relation to shoulder geometry. Occupational Ergonomics, 4, 143-155.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Karwowski, W. (2003). Ecological models of human performance based on affordance, emotion and intuition. Ergonomics, 46(1-3), 310-326.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1989). Analysis and modeling of the glenohumeral joint mechanism structure. SOMA Engineering for the Human Body, 3(3), 35-46.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1988). Experimental method of testing the chosen parameters of the glenohumeral joint geometry. (In Polish) Technical Problems in Medicine, 19(2), 87-93.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1978). The models of cooperation of muscle actons in joints of higher classes (on example of shoulder joint). (In Polish) Technical Problems in Medicine, 2(9), 211-226.

Book Chapters

Gielo-Perczak, K. & Rasmussen, J., (2008). Biomechanical modeling of the shoulder anatomy. In S. Kumar (Ed.), Biomechanics in Ergonomics. Second Edition. (Chapter 15, pp.395-404). London: Taylor & Francis. CRC Press.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2006). Biomechanical modeling of the shoulder. In W. S. Marras & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics (2nd ed., pp. 27-1 — 27-12). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1994). Biomechanical analysis of the wrist joint in ergonomical aspects. In F. Schuind, K. A. An, W. P. Cooney III, & M. Garcia-Elias (Eds.), Advances in the Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist (pp. 123-135). New York: Plenum Press.

Conference Proceedings

Lemieux P.O., Gielo-Perczak K., Nuño N., Hagemeister N, (2012): Influence of the Stage of Massive Rotator Cuff Tear and of Adductor Co-activation on Activities of Daily Living: A Numerical Study; 6th International Shoulder Group Conference, Abersytwyth University in Wales, UK August 22-24.

Gielo-Perczak, K., (2010): A Method of Geometric Description of the Glenoid Fossa, Proceedings 34th Annual Meeting of American Society of Biomechanics (No. 351), Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Gielo-Perczak, K., (2010): Static Middle Deltoid Muscle Restraint to Superior-Inferior Translation of the Glenohumeral Joint. Proceedings of The International Shoulder Group (ISG) Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp.79-80.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Chen S.J., (2009): Applications of Computer Simulation Software to Testing Biomechanics in Biomedical Engineering Education, Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Computer Simulation in Biomechanics, Cape Town, South Africa, pp.21

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2006). Maximum one-handed pull force under constrained conditions and its relation to shoulder geometry. Abstracts of the 5th World Congress of Biomechanics – Munich, Germany: Journal of Biomechanics vol. 39, Suppl. 1, No. 5977, S166-S167.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Solomonow, M., Kumar, S., Karwowski, W., & Drury, C. (2006). Diversity of factors that are the best predictors of individual performance. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA. pp. 1236-1239.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2005). An Investigation of the Congruity in Geometry of the Glenohumeral Joint on the Maximum Acceptable Load during Pushing. Proceedings of the XXth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics and 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics, Cleveland, OH. p.438.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Rasmussen, J., & Christensen, S. T. (2004). An analysis of load transmission within the human body during pushing and pulling. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference: Building Bridges to Healthy Workplaces (on CD, Group 10, pp. 4-8), Houston, TX.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Matz, S. (2004). An investigation of the congruity in geometry of the glenohumeral joint on the maximum acceptable load during pushing, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, (pp. 1407-1411).

Gielo-Perczak, K., Karwowski, W., Kumar, S., & Marras, W. (2002). Methodological approaches to research on musculoskeletal complaints and injuries. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. pp. 1032-1036.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Leamon, T. B. (2002). Individual load limitation of the glenohumeral joint as a prevention tool for musculoskeletal injuries. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress of Biomechanics (No. 5266), Calgary, Alberta.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Leamon, T. B. (2002). An investigation of the individual differences in geometry of the glenohumeral joint on the maximum acceptable workload. Proceedings of 4th Meeting of the International Shoulder Group, Cleveland, OH. pp. 5-7.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Leamon, T. B. (2001). Ergonomic aspects in biomechanical analysis of the glenohumeral joint. Proceedings of the XVIIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, No. 786, Zurich, Switzerland.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Patla, A. E., & Winter, D. A. (1999). Analysis of the combined effects of stiffness and damping of body system on the strategy of the control during quiet standing. Abstracts of the XVIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, Calgary, Canada, p. 832.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Patla, A. E., & Winter, D. A. (1998). Modeling of structural random response of body system during quiet standing. Proceedings of the North American Congress on Biomechanics, Waterloo, Canada, pp. 259-260.

Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., Prince, F., Ishac, M. Gielo-Perczak, K., (1998). Stiffness control of quiet standing. Proceedings of the North American Congress on Biomechanics, Waterloo, Canada, pp. 301-302.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Patla, A. E., & Winter, D. A. (1997). Formulation of the body stiffness. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium of International Society for Postural and Gait Research on Multisensory Control of Posture & Gait, Paris, France.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1994). Method of static load evaluation of the glenohumeral joint, Abstract Book of the Second World Congress of Biomechanics, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Vol. 1, p. 52.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1994). An analysis of stress transmission within the wrist joint, Abstract Book of the Second World Congress of Biomechanics, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Vol. 1, p. 59.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1994). Correlation of the geometry of the wrist joint with the load conveyed by the hand, Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics Calgary, Canada, (pp. 266-267).

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1994). Method of static load evaluation of the wrist joint. Abstracts of the International Society of Biomechanics XIVth Congress, Paris, France, Journal of Biomechanics, 27(6), p. 759.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1993). Method of static load evaluation of the wrist joint, Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Biomechanics, Paris, France. pp. 472- 473.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1993). Finite element modelling of the glenohumeral joint for trauma prevention. Proceedings of the VIIIth Meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics, 1992, Rome, Italy, Journal of Biomechanics, 26(7), p. 796.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1992). Biomechanical analysis of the wrist joint in ergonomical aspects. Abstracts of NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Advances in the Biomechanics of the hand and wrist. Brussels, Belgium, p. 32.

Bignardi, C. & Gielo-Perczak, K. (1991). A 3-dimensional biomechanical model and analysis of femoral loads. Journal of Biomechanics, 24(6), p.486.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1991). Computer modeling of glenohumeral joint loads as related to gymnastic rings technique. Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Biomechanics, Perth, Australia, pp. 70-71.

Bignardi, C. & Gielo-Perczak, K. (1990). Mechanical aspect of 3-dimensional modelling of femoral loads. Proceedings of the VIIth Meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics, Aarhus, Denmark, p. 43.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Bignardi, K., Calderale, P.M. (1990). Mechanical analysis of 3-dimensional modeling of the femoral loads. Abstracts of the First World Congress of Biomechanics, San Diego, CA, Vol.1, p.175.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Calderale, P. M. (1990). The effects of overloading and the injuries of the glenohumeral joint in sports. Proceedings of the First World Congress of Biomechanics, San Diego, CA, Vol.1, p. 124.

Siwicki, I., Komor, A., & Gielo-Perczak, K. (1989). CSSP – Continuous Simulation Software Package: An interactive package dedicated for simulation of biomechanical objects. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Computer Simulation in Biomechanics, Davis, California, p.5.

Gielo-Perczak, K., & Morecki, A. (1989). Biomechanical analysis of the glenohumeral joint in ergonomical aspects. Proceedings of the XII International Congress of Biomechanics, Davis, California, pp. 382. & Journal of Biomechanics, 22(10), p.1015.

Gielo-Perczak, K., Pogorzelski, W., & Morecki, A. (1989). Practical application of a multi criterion optimization based on the weight-correlation method to ergonomics. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Ergonomics of Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automated Systems, Louisville, Kentucky, (pp. 97-102).

Komor, A., Faina, M., & Parfianowicz, L. & Gielo-Perczak, K. (1989). The use of mathematical modeling and computer-aided simulator in cycling motion performance improvement. Proceedings of the First IOC Word Congress on Sport Sciences, Colorado Springs, CO, PH-46/1 p. 337.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1987). Experimental research of the glenohumeral joint geometry. Proceedings of the First Poland’s Conference of Biomechanics (In Polish), Gdansk, Poland, pp. 147-154.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1987). Glenohumeral joint: the structure and its models. Proceedings of the First Poland’s Conference of Biomechanics (In Polish), Gdansk, Poland, pp. 139-146.

Gielo-Perczak, K. (1980). Method of measurement of the lengths of muscle actions constituting the drive of the glenohumeral joint. Proceedings of the IXth Conference of Experimental Research in the Solid Body Mechanics (In Polish), Warsaw, Poland, pp. 97-100.

Presentations & Technical Report not Published

Gielo-Perczak, K. (2005). Computer-based modeling of upper extremity capabilities and workplace requirements. Paper presented during International Ergonomics Association International Conference on Computer-Aided Ergonomics and Safety, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

Gielo-Perczak, K. Application of computer simulation to the teaching of biomechanics: Tutorial course. Workshop presented at XVIIth Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics. 1999. Calgary, Canada.

Gielo-Perczak, K., (1989). Computer Simulation of Over-Loading and Injuries of the Glenohumeral Joint in Ergonomics. Technical University of Torino, Torino, Italy.